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人工智能作为21世纪数字化时代的通用技术，其数字代理人的经济特性给全球就业带来了复杂影响。从历次技术变革来看，技术进步对就业结构的迁移和再分配效应要显著高于对就业总量的影响，并不必然导致一国失业率提高。中国作为就业人口大国，政策重点应聚焦于人工智能对不同收入阶层和地区层面的非对称影响以及衍生出的“中空”效应。关键是要实施就业促进型产业发展政策，增强人工智能的超模块化互补效应，以更多高质量就业来抵消技术替代；加快推进职业教育和高等教育体制改革，将人工智能作为通识教育纳入各级各类教育培训之中，减少因技能不匹配造成的技术性失业；完善相关社会保障政策，为应对人工智能技术变革过程中可能出现的各种就业问题筑牢基础“防线”；针对不同发展水平的地区，实施差异化的人工智能转型投资策略，有效化解人工智能对就业市场引发的空间极化风险。
Abstract：As a universal technology in the digital age of the 21st century, artificial intelligence's economic characteristics as a digital agent have brought more complex impacts to global employment. From the perspective of previous technological changes, the migration and redistribution effects of technological progress on employment structure are significantly higher than their impact on total employment, and do not necessarily lead to an increase in a country's unemployment rate. As a country with a large employment population, China's policy focus should be on the asymmetric impact of artificial intelligence on different income classes and regional levels, as well as the resulting "hollow" effects. The key is to implement employment promoting industrial development policies, enhance the "super modular complementary" effect of artificial intelligence, and offset technological substitution with more high-quality employment;accelerate the reform of vocational education and higher education systems, incorporate AI as a general education into education and training at all levels and types, and reduce technical unemployment caused by skill mismatch; improve relevant social security policies to build a solid "defense line" against various employment issues that may arise during the process of AI technology transformation; implement differentiated AI transformation investment strategies for regions with different levels of development, and actively respond to the spatial polarization risks brought by AI to the job market.
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(1)数据来源：美国保尔森基金会。
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:F249.2;TP18
引用信息:
[1]孙志燕,宋逸群.人工智能对就业的影响效应探究[J].改革,2025,No.375(05):48-59.
基金信息: